TABLE OF
CONTENTS
1.0 PART I GENERAL … … … … … … … … 93
1.1 SCOPE …. … … … … … … … … … 93
1.2 RELATED WORK … … … … … … … … 93
1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE … … … … … … … … 93
1.4 REFERENCES … … … … … … … … … 93
1.5 DATA SUBMISSIONS … … … … … … … … 94
1.6 DELIVERY, HANDLING AND STORAGE … … … … … 95
1.7 WARRANTY … … … … … … … … … 95
2.0 PART II GENERAL … … … … … … … … 95
2.1 SCREED & SETTING BED MATERIALS FOR
MASONRY
WALLS, CONCRETE FLOORS … … … … …
95
2.2 ADHESIVES … … … … … … … … … 95
2.3 UNDER LAY AND BACKING BOARDS … … … … … … 95
2.4 TILE … … … … … … … … … … 96
2.5 ACCESSORIES … … … … … … … … … 96
2.6 SPARE TILES … … … … … … … … … 96
2.7 GROUT … … … … … … … … … … 96
2.8 EXPANSION JOINTS … … … … … … … … 97
2.9 MOVEMENT JOINTS … … … … … … … … 97
2.10 CAULKED JOINTS … … … … … … … … 97
2.11 FLOOR FINISH DIVIDERS … … … … … … … 98
2.12 WEATHER BARS … … … … … … … … 98
2.13 SEALANTS ... … … … … … … … … 98
3.0 PART III EXECUTION … … … … … … … 98
3.1 INSPECTION … … … … … … … … …
98
3.2 SUBSTRATES … … … … … … … … …
98
3.3 SETTING OUT … … … … … … … … …
99
3.4 BEDDING AND SCREED MIXING … … … … … …
99
3.5 BEDDING METHODS … … … … … … … … 100
3.6 TILE JOINTS … … … … … … … … … 100
3.7 INSTALLATION – GENERAL … … … … … … … 100
3.8 TOLERANCES AND CLEANING … … … … … … … 100
3.9 GROUTING … … … … … … … … … … 101
3.10 GRANITE TILING … … … … … … … … … 101
3.11 CLEANING … … … … … … … … … … 101
3.12 PROTECTION … … … … … … … … … 101
3.13 COMPLETION … … … … … … … … … 101
1.0 PART I GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
Supply and install Ceramic, Marble, Porcelain and
Granite Tile work including but not limited to:
·
Preparation of
surface before tiling or bedding
·
Bedding screeds
where required
·
Wall tile
·
Floor tile
·
Cleaning of finished
tiled surfaces.
1.2 RELATED WORK
Co-ordinate and co-operate with the following trades:
Wall Construction
Floor Construction
Concrete
Block work
Cement render
1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE
·
Qualifications: Tiling Sub-contractor to submit to Engineer
evidence of reliability in quality of work and performance.
·
Samples: Provide samples of tiles specified; not less
than 4 units of each.
·
Sample
Panel: For each tile type, floor and
wall, construct a sample panel, 1 metre square. When approved by the Engineer
this sample becomes the standard for the balance of the work and remain as part
of the completed work.
1.4 REFERENCS
Comply with applicable portions of the following
Standards:
AS 1672 1974 Building
limes
AS 2358 1990 Adhesives
– For fixing ceramic tiles
AS 3661 slip resistance of pedestrian
surfaces
AS 3661.1 1993 Requirements
AS 3958 Ceramic tiles
AS 3958.1 1991 Guide
to the installation of ceramic tiles
AS 3958.2 1992 Guide
to the selection of a ceramic tiling system
AS 3972 1991 Portland
and blended cements
AS CA27 1959 Code
of recommended practice for internal plastering on solid backgrounds
BS 1014 1975 Specification
for pigments for Portland cement & Portland cement products
BS 5385 Various Wall and floor tiling
BS 6431 Various
Ceramic floor and wall tiles
BS 12 1991 Specification
for Portland cements
BS 4550 Part 3 Physical
tests
BS 4551 1980 Methods
of testing mortars, screeds & plasters
BS 4721 1981 Specification
for ready mixed building mortars
(1986)
BS 5224 1995 Specification
for physical tests. Physical tests
BS 5385 Floor and wall tiles
BS 5385 1989
Part 3 Code
of practice for the design and installation of ceramic floor tiles and mosaics
BS 5385 1994
Part 5 Code
of practice for the design and installation of composition block floorings
BS 5838 1980
Part 2 Pre-packed
mortar mixes
BS 6431 Ceramic floor and wall tiles
PD 6472 1974 Guide
to specifying the quality of building mortars
BS 8203 1987 Code
of practice for installation of sheet & tile flooring
·
Where applicable
technical terms in this specification shall have the meanings assigned to them
in the above references
1.5 DATA SUBMISSIONS
Requirement:
Before installation commences, obtain and submit the
following data:
·
Manufacturer’s
data: The manufacturer’s published product data, including
·
technical
specifications; and
·
recommendations
for installation
·
Product
warranties: The manufacturer’s written statement certifying that the product
complies with the specification and is suitable for the intended use.
·
Acceptance of
substrate: The installing firm’s written statement certifying that the building
structure is satisfactory for receiving the installation.
SAMPLES
Requirement:
Submit samples of the
·
tiles, including
accessories, illustrating the range of variation in colour and finish; and
·
tile fittings.
SAMPLE PANELS
Requirement:
Prepare in suitable positions, or where directed,
sample panels of sufficient are (not less than 2 m2) of each type of finish.
Include samples of junction details and trim. Preserve each panel when approved
until all work of its type is complete
Incorporation into the works:
An approved panel, if suitably located, may be
permitted to be incorporated into the works. Otherwise remove all traces on
completion of the works.
1.6 DELIVERY,
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Deliver to the site in original, unopened containers
with grade, type and quality indicated on the labels. Provide secure and dry
storage.
1.7 WARRANTY
Provide a warranty covering defects in materials and
installation for a period of five years from the date of Practical Completion.
2.0 PART II MATERIALS
2.1 SCREED
AND SETTING BED MATERIALS FOR MASONRY WALLS, CONCRETE FLOORS
BEDDING MORTAR
Mixing: from
cement and sand with minimum water.
Proportioning:
Select proportions from the range 1:3 to 1:4 cement:
sand to obtain satisfactory adhesion.
Sand: graded
Cement:-
general purpose Portland cement.
White cement:
with iron salts content not exceeding 1%.
Lime:
General Building grade.
Mesh: Galvanized
steel welded wire fabric, minimum 2.5mm diameter wires at 100mm centers each
way.
2.2 ADHESIVES
A. Exterior/Wet Area Adhesives: Cement-based ceramic tile adhesive.
B. Interior/Dry Area Adhesives: Organic based adhesive.
Generally:
Use adhesives compatible with the materials and surfaces to be adhered, and in
accordance with the adhesive manufacturer’s recommendations for the conditions
of use.
Prohibited uses: Do not use the following combinations:
Ø Cement-based adhesives on wood, metal, painted or
glazed surfaces, gypsum-based plaster.
Ø Organic solvent-based adhesives on painted surfaces.
Ø Organic PVC-based adhesives and organic natural rubber
latex adhesives in damp or wet conditions.
2.3 UNDERLAY AND BACKING BOARDS
A. Underlay over timber floors :
B. Ceramic Tile Wall-backing for stud walls :
C. Fastenings: Use fastenings supplied by material
manufacturers in each case.
2.4 TILES
Criteria:
Use tile types, sizes, colours, surfaces and general appearance which conform
to approved samples.
Exposed edges:
Where the edge is exposed, use glazed tiles which are purpose-made border tiles
with the exposed edge (whether round, square or cushion) glazed to match the
tile face.
Wall tiling schedule
Refer Finishes Schedule and Drawings.
Maker Tile Tile Texture Special
Size Colour
Floor tiling schedule
Refer Finishes Schedule & Drawings.
Maker Tile Tile Texture Special
Size Colour
2.5 ACCESSORIES
Generally:
Provide tile accessories such as round edge tiles, cove tiles, step treads,
nosing, skirting, sills, copings and tile vents, matching the surrounding tiles
as to composition, colour and finish.
Coves, nosing, skirting, and the like: Where
necessary include matching stop ends, internal and external angle tiles, and
the like, moulded for that purpose.
Fittings:
Use glazed ceramic fittings such as towel rail brackets, towel hooks, grab
rails, paper holders, soap holders, toothbrush holders, shelves and footrests,
which comply with approved samples.
2.6 SPARE TILES
Requirement:
Provide spare matching tiles of each type, in quantity not less than 2% of the
quantity installed, including accessories in proportion, for future replacement
purposes. Store spare tiles in works where directed.
2.7 GROUT
Cement based proprietary grout: Mix with water. Fine sand may be added as filler in
wide joints.
Epoxy based proprietary grout: A proprietary product mixed and used to
manufacturer’s recommendations.
Portland cement based grout: Mix with fine sand. Use minimum water consistent with
workability.
Proportioning:
1
For narrow joints
(up to 3mm): 1:2 cement: sand.
2
For wide joints
(over 3 mm): 1:3 cement: sand.
Pigments for coloured grout: Colourfast fillers compatible with the grout
material. For cement-based grouts, lime-proof natural or synthetic metallic
oxides compatible with cement.
Pigment proportions: In accordance with manufacturer’s
recommendations.
Prepared Grout:
Inorganic Portland cement integrated, ready-to-use, dry-curing grout,
equal to products manufactured by Australian Building Adhesives Pty. Ltd.
Colours to Architects selection
Supply Waterproof grout for wet area tiling
2.8 EXPANSION JOINTS
Silicone rubber, as recommended by manufacturer. Colour to Engineers selection.
2.9 MOVEMENT JOINTS
Provision:
Provide movement joints
1
over structural
movement joints
1
at junctions
between different background materials; and
2
to divide large
tiled areas into bays, maximum 5 m wide.
Size
Depth: Extend joints right through the tile and bed to
the background.
Sealant width: Not less than 6 mm or more than 25 mm.
Sealant depth: Not less than 6 mm (12 mm preferred).
Not less than half the joint width, nor more than the joint the width.
Joint material:
Fill the joint with a resilient sealant, applied over compressible filler or
backing rod, of depth not greater than twice the joint width, or less than the
joint width.
Foamed materials (in compressible fillers, backing
rods and the like): Closed-cell or impregnated types which do not absorb water.
Bond breaking: Use back-up materials for sealants,
including backing rods, which do not adhere to the sealant, or which are faced
with a non-adhering material.
Sealants: Use sealants compatible with the application
and service conditions.
Filling and sealing: Clear extraneous matter such as grout and dust from the joint and
leave the joint clear of movement-restricting material. Fill the joint and
finish neatly flush with the tile surface.
Priming: Apply the appropriate primer to the cleaned
joint edges in contact with jointing materials, as recommended by the jointing
material manufacturer.
2.10 CAULKED JOINTS
Provision:
Provide caulked joints as follows:
1
Where tiling is
to be cut around sanitary fixtures.
2
Around fixtures
interrupting the tile surface, for example pipes, brackets, bolts and nibs.
3
At junctions with
window and door frames, built-in cupboards and the like.
Size
Width: 5 mm.
Depth: Equal to the tile thickness.
Sealant:
Fill the joint with sealant and finish flush with the tile surface.
2.11 FLOOR FINISH DIVIDERS
Requirement:
Finish tiled floors at junctions with differing floor finishes with a non
corrosive metal dividing strip suitably fixed to the substrate, with top edge
flush with the finished floor. Where changes of floor finish occur at doorways
make the junction directly below the closed door.
2.12 WEATHER BARS
Requirement:
Provide a non-corrosive metal weather bar in tiling which occurs under external
doors, wherever the external paving is less than 25 mm below the internal floor
finish at the junction, to stand up not less than 10 mm above the tile surface.
2.13 SEALANTS
Requirement:
Use a proprietary non-hardening, mould resistant, one-part silicone or
polyurethane sealant.
3,0 PART III EXECUTION
3.1 INSPECTION
Visit site and inspect conditions, comparing
conditions to Drawings, before delivery of materials to site.
Rectify any discrepancy or unsuitability of substrate.
Start of work means total acceptance of conditions.
Requirement:
Give sufficient notice so that the following may be inspected:
1
Background
immediately prior to commencement of tiling.
2
Initial or trial
set out.
3
Control joints
prior to sealing and grouting.
4
Completion of
tiling.
Minimum notice required: > 48 hours
3.2 SUBSTRATES
Definitions
Substrate: The building element to which the tiles are
to be bedded.
Underlay: An intermediate layer (e.g. render, screed
or sheeting) applied to the substrate to provide a suitable surface for tile
bedding.
Separation layer: A membrane laid on the substrate
beneath the bedded finish to prevent the two elements from adhering to each
other.
Drying and shrinkage: Before tiling, allow not less than the following
times to elapse for initial drying out and shrinkage to take place in these
substrates:
1
Concrete slabs:
42 days.
2
Concrete block
work: 28 days.
3
Toppings on slabs
and rendering on block work: A further 21 days.
Preparation:
Suitably prepare substrates to receive the bedded finish, including but not
necessarily limited to the following:
1
Remove
deleterious and loose material and leave the surface dust free and clean.
2
For mortar
bedding wet the background as necessary to achieve suitable suction.
Alternatively apply a bonding agent to the background to improve adhesion.
3.3 SETTING OUT
Bond: Set
out tiling with joints accurately aligned in both directions. Level and plumb
wall tiling joints.
Margins: Use
whole or purpose-made tiles at margins where practicable, otherwise set out to
give equal margins of cut tiles. If margins less than half tile widths are
unavoidable, locate the cut tiles where they are least conspicuous. If it
appears that minor variations in joint widths or overall dimensions will avoid
cut tiles, submit a proposal for approval. Do not vary unless approved.
Fixtures:
Before tiling ensure that fixtures interrupting the tile surfaces are
accurately positioned in their designed or optimum location relative to the
tile layout. Where possible position tiles so that holes for fixtures and the
like occur at the intersection of horizontal and vertical joints or on the
center lines of tiles. Continue tiling fully behind fixtures, such as WC
pedestals and cisterns, basins and urinals, which are not built in to the
tiling surface.
Trial set-out:
On horizontal surfaces make a trial set-out for each area and obtain approval
before fixing.
3.4 BEDDING AND SCREED MIXING
Requirement:
Use bedding methods and materials which are appropriate to the tile, the
background, the conditions of service, and the like so that the tile is firmly
and solidly bedded in the bedding material and adhered to the background.
Thin bed:
Minimum thickness 1.5 mm, maximum 3 mm. May be used when the background
deviation does not exceed 3 mm when tested with a 2 m straight edge. The entire
tile back shall be covered with adhesive when the tile is bedded.
Thick bed:
Minimum thickness 3 mm, maximum 12 mm, except that mortar beds for floor tiles
may be up to 20 mm thick. Use on backgrounds with deviations up to 6 mm when
tested with a 2 m straight edge, and with tiles having deep keys or frogs.
Mortar beds for floor tiles: Where floor tiles are to
be bedded in cement mortar, lightly dust the screeded bed surface with dry
cement and trowel level until the cement is damp. Alternatively spread thin
slurry of neat cement, or cement-based thin bed adhesive, on to the tile back.
Reinforced beds: Where the mortar bed is required to
be reinforced, place it in two layers, and incorporate the mesh reinforcement
in the first layer.
Solid beds for wall tiles: Where wall tiles are to be
bedded in cement mortar by the solid bed method, apply the bed to the
background as a floated coat bring up to a true surface with a wood float and
allow to stiffen for up to 2 hours. Then apply a back-up skim coat (1 to 2 mm
thick) of 1:2 mortar to the bed, or butter the tile with 1:2 mortar or a cement
based thin bed adhesive, before applying the tile to the bed.
Mechanical fixing: where tiles are to be mechanically fixed, provide a proprietary system
of support and fixing appropriate to the type of tile and the substrate
conditions.
3.5 BEDDING METHODS
PREPARATION OF TILES
Adhesive bedding: Fix tiles dry; do not soak.
Mortar bedding:
Soak porous tiles in water for half an hour and then drain until the surface
water has disappeared.
3.6 TILE JOINTS
Joint widths:
Set out tiles to give uniform joint widths within the following limits:
Ø Internal ceramic tiling: Minimum 1.6 mm – maximum 3
mm.
Ø External ceramic tiling: Minim um 4 mm – maximum 9 mm.
Ø Mosaic tiling: Nominal 2 mm or as dictated by pattern.
Ø Quarry tiles: Minimum 6 mm – maximum 12 mm.
Ø Chemical resistant epoxy-jointed floor tiles: Minimum
5 mm – maximum 6 mm.
Ø Vitrified floor tiles: Minimum 3 mm – maximum 5 mm.
3.7 INSTALLATION
- GENERAL
Cutting and laying: Cut tiles neatly to fit around fixtures and fittings, and at margins
where necessary. Drill holes without damaging tile faces. Rub edges smooth
without chipping. Return tiles into sills, reveals and openings. Butt up to
returns, frames, fittings, and other finishes. Strike and point up beds where
exposed. Cut recesses where necessary for soap holders and the like.
Variations:
If necessary, distribute variations in hue, colour, or pattern uniformly, by
mixing tiles or tile batches before laying.
FALLS AND LEVELS
Grading:
Grade floor tiling to even and correct falls to floor wastes and elsewhere as
required. Make level junctions with walls. Where falls are not required lay
level.
Deviation: Maximum
deviation of the finished floor level between points of contact under a 2 m
straight edge laid in any direction on an area of uniform grade: 1:300 or 3 mm, whichever is the lesser.
Change of finish: Maintain finished floor level across changes of floor finish including
carpet.
3.8 TOLERANCES AND CLEANING
A. General:
Install tiles in true planes so that when checked with a 2m straight edge,
gap under the straight edge does not exceed 3mm. In sloped floor tiling this
tolerance does not apply across intersections of fall planes. Adjust tiles
within 10 minutes of fixing.
B. Lighting:
Whenever possible the lighting at the time of applying the bedded finish
is not to be appreciably different from the ultimate permanent lighting.
3.9 GROUTING
Generally:
Before grouting, obtain approval for the proposed grouting methods and
materials. Commence grouting as soon as the bedding is set. Joints shall clean
out as necessary before grouting.
Epoxy grouted joints: Ensure that
the tile edge surfaces are free of extraneous matter such as cement films or
wax, before grouting.
Face grouting:
Fill the joints solid and tool flush. Clean off surplus grout.
Wash down when the grout has set.
Edges of tiles: Grout exposed edge joints as specified
for the face joints.
Grouting mosaics: When paper faced mosaics are to be bedded in cement mortar, pre-grout
the sheeted mosaics from the back prior to fixing. After fixing, rub grout into
the surface of the joints to fill any voids left from pre-grouting. Clean off
surplus grout. When grout has set, wash down. Use a proprietary cement remover
if necessary.
3.10 Granite Tiling: Smooth the uneven surfaces on the subfloor and keep
the surface cleaned. Granite shall cut using a diamond blade saw. Tiles shall
lay on the thinest mortar as directed by the manufacture. Thin set shall consist of cement, fine sand
and additives. Keep even spaces between tiles (if needed), using spacers and
let the tiles set for minimum 12 hours and pull out the spacers.
Grout the floor with a grout squeegee, using it to
press the grout into the spaces while scraping it of the surface to make sure any air pockets are
eliminated. Keep1 hour to set the grout and wipe up the residual grout with a
wet sponge. Leave the floor for 2-3 days to seal the grout with appropriate
grout sealer as specified by the manufacture which shall resistant to water,
oil and stains.
The sealer used, should be neutral pH breathable and
reapplied regularly based upon the amount of use or exposure to foot traffic.
Sealer helps to prevent damage to granite flooring such as chips and cracks. It
is important that you follow instructions given by the sealer manufacturer before
attempting to clean granite flooring. Spills should be blotted immediately to
avoid stains.
Note: Substrates which are vulnerable for water seepage
shall be water proofed before tilling.
3.11 CLEANING
Cleaning: Cleaned down using a damp cloth before
cement smears and surplus mortar begin to harden on the surface or in the joint
spaces, care being taken to avoid disturbance of the tiles during the setting
of the bedding.
3.12 PROTECTION
Generally:
Keep the work clean as it proceeds and protect finished work from damage. Keep
traffic off, the floors until the bedding is set and attained its working
strength.
On completion:
Clean the tiled surface with an appropriate tile cleaning agent, and polish.
3.13 COMPLETION
Complete work in accordance with contract documents
and written variation orders issued by the Engineer.
